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1 Des
das Aussehen \Des Kindes/ Mannes the child's/man's appearance;ein Zeichen \Des Unbehagens a sign of uneasiness;das ständige Krähen \Des Hahnes the constant crowing of the cock [or cock's constant crowing]das \Des D flat -
2 des
das Aussehen \des Kindes/ Mannes the child's/man's appearance;ein Zeichen \des Unbehagens a sign of uneasiness;das ständige Krähen \des Hahnes the constant crowing of the cock [or cock's constant crowing]das \des D flat -
3 des
(Gen. Sg. von der, das)I best. Art. of the; des Langen und Breiten geh. (ausführlichst) at great length; des Weiteren (außerdem) in addition, furthermore* * *[dɛs]def artdas Bellen des Hundes — the barking of the dog, the dog's barking
2)See:= dessen* * *<->* * *I 1.bestimmter Artikel; Gen. Sg. v. der I 1., das 1.2.Demonstrativpronomen; Gen. Sg. v. der I 2. 1), das 2. 1)IIer ist der Sohn des Mannes, der... — he's the son of the man who...
* * *des1 (gen sg von der, das)A. best art of the;des Langen und Breiten geh (ausführlichst) at great length;des Weiteren (außerdem) in addition, furthermore* * *I 1. 2.IIer ist der Sohn des Mannes, der... — he's the son of the man who...
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4 Des
(Gen. Sg. von der, das)I best. Art. of the; des Langen und Breiten geh. (ausführlichst) at great length; des Weiteren (außerdem) in addition, furthermore* * *[dɛs]def artdas Bellen des Hundes — the barking of the dog, the dog's barking
2)See:= dessen* * *<->* * *I 1.bestimmter Artikel; Gen. Sg. v. der I 1., das 1.2.Demonstrativpronomen; Gen. Sg. v. der I 2. 1), das 2. 1)IIer ist der Sohn des Mannes, der... — he's the son of the man who...
* * ** * *I 1. 2.IIer ist der Sohn des Mannes, der... — he's the son of the man who...
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5 der
I best. Art.1. m; (Nom. Sg.) the; der eine ist fleißig, der andere faul (the) one is hard-working, the other one is lazy; der Tod death; der Mensch (alle Menschen) man(kind), humankind; der große Goethe the famous Goethe; der arme Peter poor Peter; der Peter, den ich kenne the Peter (who oder that) I know; der Hyde Park Hyde Park3. (Dat Sg. von die) to the; den Schlüssel habe ich der Nachbarin gegeben I gave the key to the neighbo(u)rII Dem. Pron.1. m; (Nom. Sg.) that (one), this (one); (er) he, it; der Mann hier this man; der mit dem Bart the one with the beard; nur der kann das verstehen, der... only he ( oder that man) who... can understand it; der und baden gehen? you won’t catch him going swimming; der und ehrlich? Dass ich nicht lache! him? honest? Pull the other one! ( oder Give me a break!)III Rel. Pron.1. m; (Nom. Sg.) bei Personen: who, that; bei Sachen: which, that; der Bezirk, der einen Teil von X bildet the district forming part of X; der erste Stein, der geworfen wurde the first stone that was thrown; er war der Erste, der es erfuhr he was the first to know; jeder, der... anyone who...; ich, der ich selbst dabei war I, who was there myself2. (Dat Sg. von die) bei Personen: who(m), who... to, to whom förm.; bei Sachen: that, which; die Freundin, der ich meine Sorgen erzählte the friend (whom) I told about my problems ( oder to whom I told my problems)* * ** * *I [deːɐ]1. def artdas Miauen dér Katze — the miaowing of the cat, the cat's miaowing
2. dem pron dat sing von die1) (adjektivisch) to that; (mit Präpositionen) that2) (substantivisch) to her; her3. rel pron dat singto whom, that or who(m)... to; (mit Präposition) who(m); (von Sachen) to which, which... to; which II [deːɐ] pl die thedér/die Arme! — the poor man/woman or girl
die Engländer — the English pl
dér Engländer (dated inf: = die Engländer) — the Englishman
dér Faust — Faust
dér Hans (inf) — Hans
dér kleine Hans — little Hans
dér Rhein — the Rhine
dér Michigansee — Lake Michigan
die "Bismarck" — the "Bismarck"
dér Lehrer/die Frau (im Allgemeinen) — teachers pl/women pl
dér Tod/die Liebe/das Leben — death/love/life
dér Tod des Sokrates — the death of Socrates
in dem England, das ich kannte — in the England (that or which) I knew
er liebt den Jazz/die Oper/das Kino — he likes jazz/(the) opera/the cinema
das Herstellen von Waffen ist... — manufacturing weapons is..., the manufacturing of weapons is...
dér spätere Wittgenstein — the later Wittgenstein
er war nicht mehr dér Hans, dér... — he was no longer the Hans who...
er nimmt den Hut ab — he takes his hat off
ein Euro das Stück — one euro apiece or each
20 Euro die Stunde — 20 euros an or per hour
pl deren dat dem, der, dem, pl denen acc den, die, das, pl diedér und dér Wissenschaftler — such and such a scientist
zu dér und dér Zeit — at such and such a time
an dem und dem Ort — at such and such a place
dér/die war es — it was him/her
dér/die mit dér großen Nase — the one or him/her (inf) with the big nose
mit den roten Haaren — those or them (inf) with red hair
deine Schwester, die war nicht da (inf) — your sister, she wasn't there
dér und schwimmen? — him, swimming?, swimming, (what) him?
dér/die hier (von Menschen) — he/she, this man/woman etc; (von Gegenständen) this (one); (von mehreren) this one
dér/die da (von Menschen) — he/she, that man/woman etc; (von Gegenständen) that (one); (von mehreren) that one
die hier/da pl — they, these/those men/women etc, these/those, them (inf)
dér, den ich meine — the one I mean
dér und dér/die und die — so-and-so
3. rel pron decl as dem pron(Mensch) who, that; (Gegenstand, Tier) which, that4. rel + dem pron decl as dem prondér/die dafür verantwortlich war,... — the man/woman who was responsible for it
die so etwas tun,... — those or people who do that sort of thing...
* * *der1[de:ɐ̯]I. art def, nom sing m1. (allgemein) the\der Hund/Mann/Tisch the dog/man/table\der Mai [the month of] May\der Angeber! that show-off!2. (bei Körperteilen)mir tut \der Hals weh my throat hurts\der Hunger/Irrsinn/Tod hunger/madness/death\der Tod des Ikaros the death of Icarus\der Stahl wird auch mit anderen Elementen legiert steel is also alloyed with other elements; (bei spezifischen Stoffen) the\der Sauerstoff in der Luft the oxygen in the air5. (einmalig)\der Mann des Tages the man of the momentdas ist \der Augenblick, auf den wir gewartet haben that's [just] the moment we've been waiting for\der Irak/Iran Iraq/Iran\der Sudan The Sudan\der Kongo vor der Kolonialzeit pre-colonial Congo\der kleine Peter little Peter\der spätere Dickens the later Dickenser war nicht mehr \der Uli, der... he was no longer the Uli who...das ist \der Klaus that's Klaus\der Papa sagt,... [my] dad says...8. (verallgemeinernd)\der Mensch heute man today\der Franzose isst gern gut the French like to eat well9. (nach Angaben)5 Euro \der Liter €5 a [or per] litre10. (vor Angaben)\der 14. August 2003 14[th] August 2003, August 14[th], 2003; (gesprochen) the fourteenth of August 2003Heinrich \der Achte Henry the Eighth\der Kleine the little boy/one\der Älteste the oldest [one]II. pron dem, nom sing m1. attr, betont\der Mann war es! it was that man!\der Hut gefällt mir am besten I like that/this hat [or that/this hat I like] the most\der Stift da that pen [there]\der Stift hier this pen [here]\der und \der Experte such and such an expert2. (hinweisend)\der war es! it was him!\der hat es getan! it was him that [or who] did it!\der sagte mir,... he told me...welcher Stift? \der da? oder \der hier? which pen? that one [there]? or this one [here]?wer ist denn \der? (fam) who on earth is he [or that]?\der und joggen? him, jogging?\der und \der such and such3. (unterscheidend)\der mit der Brille the one [or fam him] with the glasseswelcher Ball? — \der mit den Punkten which ball? — the/this/that one with the spotsach \der! (pej) oh him!der Chef? \der ist nicht da the boss? he's not theredein Vater, \der ist nicht gekommen your father, he didn't comemein Schuh! \der ist weg! my shoe! it's gone!der Scheißkerl, \der! the bastard!der Grund ist \der, dass... the reason is that [or because]...\der, den ich meinte the one I meantwo ist dein Bruder? — \der ist oben where's your brother? — he's upstairsdas ist ein neuer Drucker! warum druckt \der nicht? that's a new printer! why isn't it working?beißt \der? does it/he/she bite?III. pron rel, nom sing mich hörte/sah einen Wagen, \der um die Ecke fuhr I heard/saw a car driving around the cornerein Film, \der gut ankommt a much-acclaimed filmein Roman, \der von Millionen gelesen wurde a novel [that has been] read by millionsder König, \der vierzig Jahre herrschte,... (einschränkend) the king who [or that] reigned for forty years...; (nicht einschränkend) the king, who reigned for forty years,...der Mantel, \der zum Trocknen aufgehängt war,... (einschränkend) the coat that [or which] was hung up to dry...; (nicht einschränkend) the coat, which was hung up to dry,...der Mörder, \der von der Polizei gesucht wird,... (einschränkend) the murderer [who [or that]] the police are searching for..., the murderer for whom the police are searching... form; (nicht einschränkend) the murderer, who the police are searching for,..., the murderer, for whom the police are searching,... formder Fall, \der von den Ermittlern untersucht werden soll,... (einschränkend) the case [that [or which]] the investigators have to look into..., the case into which the investigators have to look... form; (nicht einschränkend) the case, which the investigators have to look into,..., the case, into which the investigators have to look,... form2. (derjenige)\der diesen Brief geschrieben hat, kann gut Deutsch the person/man who wrote this letter knows good Germander2[ˈde:ɐ̯]art def, gen sing f1. (allgemein)der Hund \der alten Frau the old woman's dogdie Hitze \der Sonne the heat of the sun, the sun's heatdas Schnurren \der fetten Katze the fat cat's purring, the purring of the fat catdie Lösung \der Formel hier the solution to this formula, this formula's solutionder Einspruch \der Frau da that woman's objection, the objection from that womandie Farbe \der Zunge deutete auf seine Krankheit the colour of his tongue indicated his illnessein Opfer \der Liebe a victim of loveein Zeichen \der Hoffnung a sign of hopedas Kämmen \der Wolle the combing of wooldie Berge \der Schweiz the mountains of Switzerlanddie Puppe \der kleinen Sabine little Sabine's dollich ruf an wegen \der Anna I'm calling to talk to you about Annadie Arien \der Callas Callas' ariasein Antrag \der Ute Kley a petition from Ute Kleydie Rolle \der Frau in Management women's role [or the role of women] in managementdie Trinkfestigkeit \der Engländerin the ability of the Englishwoman to hold her drink10 Meter \der kostbarsten Seide 10 metres of the most precious silkdas Spielzeug \der Kleinen the little one's [or girl's] toysder3I. art def, dat sing fsie redeten mit/von \der Nachbarin they were talking with/about the neighbourich klopfte an \der Tür I knocked at the doordas Bild hängt an \der Wand the picture is hanging on the wallsie folgte \der Frau/Menge she followed the woman/crowder gab \der Großmutter den Brief he gave his grandmother the letter, he gave the letter to his grandmotheres gehört \der Frau da it belongs to that womanes entspricht \der Textstelle hier it corresponds to this passage in the texter schlug den Tisch mit \der Faust he thumped the table with his fister widmete \der Liebe ein Gedicht he dedicated a poem to lovemit \der Hoffnung eines Verzweifelten with the hope of a desperate man\der Bronze wird auch Phosphor beigemischt phosphorus is also added to bronze; (bei spezifischen Stoffen)mit \der Wolle dieses Schafs with the wool from this sheep, with this sheep's woolwir segelten mit \der ‚Nordwind‘ we sailed on the [yacht] ‘Nordwind’in \der Schweiz [der Zwischenkriegsjahre] in [interwar] Switzerland\der kleinen Jenny geht's nicht gut little Jenny isn't feeling wellsie ist bei \der Kati she's at Kati's placeer hat \der Callas mal die Hand geküsst he once kissed Callas' handvon \der Frau in der Industrie of women in industryals das Pferd \der Maschine wich when the horse gave way to the enginemit 20 Flaschen \der Kiste with 20 bottles a [or per] crategib \der Kleinen einen Kuss give the little one a kisswir gingen zu \der Ältesten we went to the elderII. pron dem, dat sing f1. attr, betont\der Pflanze muss man Dünger geben that plant must be given fertilizer\der Frau hast du es erzählt? you told it to that woman?zu \der und \der Zeit at such and such a timeglaub \der bloß nicht! don't believe her [of all people]!III. pron rel, dat sing f, siehe auch vbmeine Kollegin, \der die Aufgabe zugeteilt wurde,... (einschränkend) my colleague who [or that] was assigned the task...; (nicht einschränkend) my colleague, who was assigned the task,...die Lösung, \der der Alkohol entzogen war,... (einschränkend) the solution that [or which] had its alcohol extracted...; (nicht einschränkend) the solution, which had its alcohol extracted,...die Abgeordnete, \der ich oft schrieb,... (einschränkend) the MP [who [or that]] I often wrote to..., the MP to whom I often wrote... form; (nicht einschränkend) the MP, who I often wrote to,..., the MP, to whom I often wrote,... formdie Grippe, unter \der sie leiden,... (einschränkend) the flu [that [or which]] they're suffering from..., the flu from which they're suffering... form; (nicht einschränkend) the flu, which they're suffering from,..., the flu, from which they're suffering,... form; s.a. das, dieder4art def, gen pldie Anstrengungen \der Schüler the pupils' efforts, the efforts of the pupilsdie Zeichnungen \der beiden Schwestern the two sisters' drawings, the drawings by the two sistersdas Gezwitscher \der Vögel the twittering of the birdsdas Gewicht \der Platten the weight of the slabsdie Wohnung \der Eltern my/his/her etc. parents' flatdie Lösungen \der Formeln hier the solutions to these formulaeder Einspruch \der Frauen da those women's objection, the objection from those womendie Farbe \der Haare gefiel ihr nicht she didn't like the colour of her hairdie Sprachen \der Niederlande the languages of [or spoken in] the Netherlandsdas Haus \der Müllers the Millers' houseein Antrag \der Heinz und Ute Kley a petition from Heinz and Ute Kleydie Rolle \der Pflanzen in der Medizin the role of plants in medicine10 Kisten \der feinsten Äpfel 10 crates of the finest applesdas Spielzeug \der Kleinen the little ones' toys* * *I 1.bestimmter Artikel Nom. theder April/Winter — April/winter
der ‘Faust’ — ‘Faust’
der Dieter — (ugs.) Dieter
der Kapitalismus/Islam — capitalism/Islam
2.der Bodensee/Mount Everest — Lake Constance/Mount Everest
1) attr. that2) allein stehend heder und arbeiten! — (ugs.) [what,] him work! (coll.)
der [da] — (Mann) that man; (Gegenstand, Tier) that one
3.der [hier] — (Mann) this man; (Gegenstand, Tier) this one
4.der Mann, der da drüben entlanggeht — the man walking along over there
Relativ- und Demonstrativpronomen the one whoII 1.bestimmter Artikel1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 1.2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 1.: to the; (nach Präp.) the3) Gen. Pl. v. der I 1., die I 1., das 1.2.das Haus der Freunde — our/their etc. friends' house
1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 2. 1): of the; of that2) Dat. Sg. v. die I 2. attrder Frau [da/hier] gehört es — it belongs to that woman there/this woman here; allein stehend
3.gib es der da! — (ugs.) give it to 'her
Relativpronomen; Dat. Sg. v. die I 3. (Person) whomdie Frau, der ich es gegeben habe — the woman to whom 1 gave it; the woman 1 gave it to; (Sache) that/which
die Katze, der er einen Tritt gab — the cat [that] he kicked
* * *A. best art1. m; (nom sg) the;der eine ist fleißig, der andere faul (the) one is hard-working, the other one is lazy;der Tod death;der große Goethe the famous Goethe;der arme Peter poor Peter;der Peter, den ich kenne the Peter (who oder that) I know;der Hyde Park Hyde Park2. (gen sg von die) of the;die Mauern der Stadt auch the city walls3. (dat sg von die) to the;den Schlüssel habe ich der Nachbarin gegeben I gave the key to the neighbo(u)r4. (gen pl von der, die, das) of the;die Ankunft der Kinder auch the children’s arrivalB. dem prder Mann hier this man;der mit dem Bart the one with the beard;nur der kann das verstehen, der … only he ( oder that man) who … can understand it;der und baden gehen? you won’t catch him going swimming;der und ehrlich? Dass ich nicht lache! him? honest? Pull the other one! ( oder Give me a break!)2. (dat sg von die)zu der und der Zeit umg at such and such a timeC. rel prder Bezirk, der einen Teil von X bildet the district forming part of X;der erste Stein, der geworfen wurde the first stone that was thrown;er war der Erste, der es erfuhr he was the first to know;jeder, der … anyone who …;ich, der ich selbst dabei war I, who was there myselfdie Freundin, der ich meine Sorgen erzählte the friend (whom) I told about my problems ( oder to whom I told my problems)* * *I 1.bestimmter Artikel Nom. theder April/Winter — April/winter
der ‘Faust’ — ‘Faust’
der Dieter — (ugs.) Dieter
der Kapitalismus/Islam — capitalism/Islam
2.der Bodensee/Mount Everest — Lake Constance/Mount Everest
1) attr. that2) allein stehend heder und arbeiten! — (ugs.) [what,] him work! (coll.)
der [da] — (Mann) that man; (Gegenstand, Tier) that one
3.der [hier] — (Mann) this man; (Gegenstand, Tier) this one
4.der Mann, der da drüben entlanggeht — the man walking along over there
Relativ- und Demonstrativpronomen the one whoII 1.bestimmter Artikel1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 1.2.das Haus der Freunde — our/their etc. friends' house
1) Gen. Sg. v. die I 2. 1): of the; of thatder Frau [da/hier] gehört es — it belongs to that woman there/this woman here; allein stehend
3.gib es der da! — (ugs.) give it to 'her
die Frau, der ich es gegeben habe — the woman to whom 1 gave it; the woman 1 gave it to; (Sache) that/which
die Katze, der er einen Tritt gab — the cat [that] he kicked
* * *the state of the art n. art.m.the art. pron.which pron.who pron. -
6 der
def, maskulin, Nom Sing1) (auf eine Person, ein männliches Tier bezogen) the;\der Nachbar/ Freund the neighbour/friend;\der Eber/ Hengst the boar/stallion2) (allgemein auf ein Tier, eine Sache bezogen) the;\der Hund/ Wellensittich the dog/budgerigar;\der Käse/ Salat the cheese/salad;\der Tisch/ Schlüssel the table/key;\der Mai [the month of] May\der Franzose isst gern gut the French like to eat well\der Papa hat's mir erzählt dad told me;\der Andreas lässt dich grüßen Andreas send his lovedef, feminin, gen sing von die¹, I.1) (auf eine Person, ein weibliches Tier bezogen)die Hände \der Frau/ Freundin the woman's/friend's hands;das Fell \der Kuh/ Bärin the cow's/bear's fur2) (allgemein auf ein Tier, eine Sache bezogen)die Augen \der Maus the eyes of the mouse;die Augen \der Katze the cat's eyes;die Form \der Tasse the cup's shape;die Form \der Schüssel the shape of the bowl;eine Frage \der Ethik a question of ethicsdie Trinkfestigkeit \der Engländerin the ability of the Englishwoman to hold her drinkdie Eltern/Schuhe \der Barbara Barbara's parents/shoesdef, feminin, dat sing von die¹, I.an \der Tür klopfen to knock at the door;an \der Decke hängen to hang from the ceiling;sie folgte \der Frau/ Menge she followed the woman/crowd;er gab \der Großmutter den Brief he gave his grandmother the letter, he gave the letter to his grandmotherich werde es \der Silvia sagen I'll tell Silviadef, gen pl von die¹, II. des;die Wohnung \der Eltern my/his/her etc parents' flat;das Ende \der Ferien the end of the holidaysdem, maskulin, Nom Sing1) (auf eine Person, ein männliches Tier bezogen) that;\der Mann/Junge [da] that man/boy [there];\der Hengst [da] that stallion [there];\der weiß das doch nicht! he doesn't know that!;\der Angeber! that show-off!;\der mit den roten Haaren the man [or one] with the red hair, that red-haired man;dein Freund, \der war nicht da ( fam) your boyfriend, he wasn't there;\der und joggen? him, jogging?;\der hier/da this/that man [or one], he;\der, den ich meine the man [or one] I mean, so-and-so2) (allgemein auf ein Tier, eine Sache bezogen) that;\der Hund/Wellensittich [da] that dog/budgerigar [there];\der Pullover/Tisch [da] gefällt mir I like that sweater/table [there];\der Baum [da] that tree [there];beißt \der? does he bite?rel, maskulin, Nom Sing who, that;der Mann, \der es eilig hatte the man who was [or that] in a hurry;ein Film, \der gut ankommt a much-acclaimed film;der Kandidat, \der gewählt wurde the candidate who was chosen;ein Roman, \der von Millionen gelesen wurde a novel [that has been] read by millionsdem, feminin, gen sing von die², I.1) (auf eine Person, ein weibliches Tier bezogen)die Hände \der Frau [da] that woman's hands;das Fell \der Kuh [da] that cow's fur2) (allgemein auf ein Tier, eine Sache bezogen)die Augen \der Katze [da] that cat's eyes;die Form \der Tasse [da] the shape of that cup [over there]dem, feminin, dat sing von die², I.das Fahrrad gehört \der Frau [da] the bike belongs to that woman [over] there;man muss \der Frau [da] die Eintrittskarte vorzeigen you have to show that woman [over] there the tickets;mit \der Freundin verstehe ich mich gut I get on well with that friend;glaub \der bloß nicht! don't believe her [of all people]!dem, gen pl von die¹, II.das Verhalten \der Leute [da] the behaviour of those people [over] there;die Farbe \der Blüten [da] the colour of those flowers [over] theredem o rel, maskulin, Nom Sing\der mir das erzählt hat, hat gelogen the man who told me that liedrel, feminin, dat sing von die², III.die Kollegin, \der ich den Brief geben soll the colleague to whom I was supposed to give the letter;die Freundin, mit \der ich mich gut verstehe the friend who I get on with so well, the friend with whom I get on so well;die Katze, \der er zu fressen gibt the cat which he feeds;die Hitze, unter \der sie leiden the heat they're suffering from -
7 begünstigen
v/t1. (bevorzugen) favo(u)r; vom Schicksal begünstigt favo(u)red by fate; eine vom Klima begünstigte Gegend a region with a favo(u)rable climate2. (positiv beeinflussen) help (along), further; das begünstigt unsere Pläne this makes our plans more likely to succeed* * *to favour; to grace; to abet; to benefit* * *be|gụ̈ns|ti|gen [bə'gʏnstɪgn] ptp begü\#nstigtvt1) (= förderlich sein für) to favour (Brit), to favor (US); Wachstum, Handel to encourage; Pläne, Beziehungen to further; (JUR) to aid and abet2)von jdm begünstigt werden — to be favo(u)red by sb, to be shown favo(u)r by sb
* * *be·güns·ti·gen *[bəˈgʏnstɪgn̩]vt1. (förderlich sein)▪ etw \begünstigen to favour [or AM -or] sthden Export \begünstigen to increase [or boost] exportsdie Konjunktur \begünstigen to improve [or boost] the economydas Wachstum \begünstigen to encourage [or boost] growth no def art2. (bevorzugen)3. (bedenken)durch ein Testament begünstigt sein to benefit [or be a beneficiary] under a willjdn mit einer Schenkung [von Euro 1.000] \begünstigen to bestow sb with a gift [of 1,000 euros]4. JUReinen Täter \begünstigen to aid [and abet] a perpetrator [after the fact]* * *transitives Verb1) favour; encourage <exports, trade, growth>; further < plan>2) (bevorzugen) favour; show favour to* * *begünstigen v/t1. (bevorzugen) favo(u)r;vom Schicksal begünstigt favo(u)red by fate;eine vom Klima begünstigte Gegend a region with a favo(u)rable climate2. (positiv beeinflussen) help (along), further;das begünstigt unsere Pläne this makes our plans more likely to succeed3. JUR:ein Verbrechen begünstigen be guilty of aiding and abetting a crime* * *transitives Verb1) favour; encourage <exports, trade, growth>; further < plan>2) (bevorzugen) favour; show favour to* * *v.to benefit v.to favor (US) v.to favour (UK) v.to forward v.to pander v.to promote v. -
8 πρός
πρός, Prep., expressing direction,A on the side of, in the direction of, hence c. gen., dat., and acc., from, at, to: [dialect] Ep. also [full] προτί and [full] ποτί, in Hom. usually c. acc., more rarely c. dat., and each only once c. gen., Il.11.831, 22.198:—dialectal forms: [dialect] Dor.[full] ποτί (q. v.) and [full] ποί, but Cret. [full] πορτί Leg.Gort.5.44, etc., Argive [full] προτ( [full] ί) Schwyzer 84.3 (found at Tylisus, V B.C.), restored in Mnemos.57.208(Argos, vi B.C.), and in Alcm.30; Arc., Cypr. [full] πός SIG306.11 (Tegea, iv B.C.), Inscr.Cypr. 135.19H., also sts. in Asia Minor in compds., v. ποσάγω, ποσφέρω; [dialect] Aeol. [full] πρός Sapph.69 ([etym.] προς-), 109, Alc.20 (s. v.l.); [full] πρές Jo.Gramm. Comp.3.10; Pamphylian περτ ([etym.] ί) Schwyzer 686.7, 686a4. (With [full] προτί, [full] πρός cf. Skt. práti 'towards, near to, against, back, etc.', Slav. protiv[ucaron], Lett. pret 'against', Lat. pretium: [full] ποτί (q. v.) and [full] πός are not cogn.) A. WITH GEN., πρός refers to that from which something comes:I of Place, from,ἵκετο ἠὲ π. ἠοίων ἦ ἑσπερίων ἀνθρώπων Od. 8.29
;τὸν π. Σάρδεων ἤλεκτρον S.Ant. 1037
(v.l.).2 on the side of, towards, νήσοισι πρὸς Ἤλιδος towards Elis, Od.21.347; π. ἁλός, π. Θύμβρης, Il.10.428, 430;εἶναι π. θαλάσσης Hdt.2.154
;ἱδρῦσθαι π. τοῦ Ἑλλησπόντου Id.8.120
;ἐστρατοπεδεύοντο π. Ὀλύνθου Th.1.62
, etc.; φυλακαὶ π. Αἰθιόπων, π. Ἀραβίων, π. Διβύης, on the frontier towards the Ethiopians, etc., Hdt.2.30: freq. with words denoting the points of the compass, δύω θύραι εἰσίν, αἱ μὲν π. βορέαο, αἱ δ' αὖ π. νότου one on the north side, the other on the south side, Od.13.110;οἰκέουσι π. νότου ἀνέμου Hdt.3.101
; π. ἄρκτου τε καὶ βορέω ἀνέμου κατοικημένοι ib. 102; π. μεσαμβρίης ib. 107; π. τοῦ Τμώλου τετραμμένον τῆς πόλιος (in such phrases the acc. is more common) Id.1.84;π. Πλαταιῶν Th. 3.21
;π. Νεμέας Id.5.59
; ἀπὸ τῆσδε τῆς ὁδοῦ τὸ π. τοῦ λιμένος ἅπαν everything on the harbour- ward side of this road, IG12.892: combined with π. c. acc.,π. ἠῶ τε καὶ τοῦ Τανάϊδος Hdt.4.122
;τὸν μέν π. βορέω ἑστεῶτα, τὸν δὲ π. νότον Id.2.121
, cf. 4.17.3 before, in presence of,μάρτυροι ἔστων π. τε θεῶν μακάρων π. τε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων Il.1.339
;οὐδ' ἐπιορκήσω π. δαίμονος 19.188
; ποίτοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος .. ὑπίσχομαι prob. in IG22.1126.7 (Amphict. Delph., iv B. C.); ὑποσχομένους πρὸς τοῦ Διός ib.1237.16: hence,b in the eyes of,ἄδικον οὐδὲν οὔτε π. θεῶν οὔτε π. ἀνθρώπων Th.1.71
, cf. X.An.1.6.6, etc.; ὅσιος π. θεῶν Lex ap.And.1.97; κατειπάτω.. ἁγνῶς π. τοῦ θεοῦ if he wishes to be pure in the sight of the god, SIG986.9, cf. 17 (Chios, v/iv B. C.);ὁ γὰρ καιρὸς π. ἀνθρώπων βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχει Pi.P.4.286
.4 in supplication or adjuration, before, and so, in the name of,σε.. γουνάζομαι.. π. τ' ἀλόχου καὶ πατρός Od.11.67
;π. θεῶν πατρῴων S.Ant. 839
(lyr.), etc.; ἱκετεύω, ἀντιβολῶ π. παίδων, π. γυναικῶν, etc., D.28.20, etc.: the verb is freq. omitted with π. θεῶν or τῶν θεῶν, E.Hec. 551, S.OT 1037, Ar.V. 760;π. τοῦ Διός Id.Av. 130
: less freq. with other words,π. τῆς ἑστίας E.Fr.953.39
;π. Χαρίτων Luc.Hist.Conscr.14
;μὴ π. γενείου S.El. 1208
;μὴ π. ξενίας τᾶς σᾶς Id.OC 515
(lyr.): sts. in questions, π. θεῶν, τίς οὕτως εὐήθης ἐστίν; in heaven's name, D.1.15;π. τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς.. ; Din.1.45
;ἆρ' οὖν, ὦ π. Διός,.. ; Pl.R. 459a
, cf. Ap. 26e: sts. in Trag. with the pron. σε between prep. and case,π. νύν σε πατρὸς π. τε μητρός.. ἱκνοῦμαι S.Ph. 468
;μὴ π. σε γονάτων E.Med. 324
.5 of origin or descent, from, on the side of, γένος ἐξ Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ τὰ π. πατρός by the father's side, Hdt.7.99;Ἀθηναῖον.. καὶ τὰ π. πατρὸς καὶ τὰ π. μητρός D.57.17
, cf. Isoc.3.42, SIG1015.7 (Halic.); πρόγονοι ἢ π. ἀνδρῶν ἢ γυναικῶν in the male or female line, Pl.Tht. 173d;ὁ πατὴρ π. μὲν ἀνδρῶν ἦν τῶν Εὐπατριδῶν Isoc.16.25
;οἱ συγγενεῖς τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ π. ἀνδρῶν καὶ π. γυναικῶν D.57.23
; οἱ π. αἵματος blood-relations, S.Aj. 1305;ἢ φίλων τις ἢ π. αἵματος φύσιν Id.El. 1125
.II of effects proceeding from what cause soever:1 from, at the hand of, with Verbs of having, receiving, etc.,ὡς ἂν.. τιμὴν καὶ κῦδος ἄρηαι π. πάντων Δαναῶν Il.16.85
, cf. 1.160, etc.;τιμὴν π. Ζηνὸς ἔχοντες Od.11.302
;δίδοι οἱ.. χάριν ποτ' ἀστῶν καὶ ποτὶ ξείνων Pi.O.7.90
; ;φυλακῆς π. δήμου κυρῆσαι Hdt.1.59
;τυχεῖν τινος π. θεῶν A.Th. 550
, cf. S.Aj. 527;λαχὼν π. δαιμόνων ὄλβον Pi.N.9.45
;κακόν τι π. θεῶν ἢ π. ἀνθρώπων λαβεῖν Hdt.2.139
, etc.;μανθάνειν π. ἀστῶν S.OC13
: with passive Verbs, προτὶ Ἀχιλλῆος δεδιδάχθαι to have been taught by.., Il.11.831, cf. S.OT 357;ἄριστα πεποίηται.. πρὸς Τρώων Il.6.57
; αἴσχε' ἀκούω π. Τρώων ib. 525, cf. Heraclit.79;ταῦτα.. π. τούτου κλύειν S.OT 429
;οὐ λέγεται π. οὐδαμῶν Hdt.1.47
; ἀτιμάζεσθαι, τετιμῆσθαι π. τινῶν, ib.61,2.75; alsoλόγου οὐδενὸς γίνεσθαι π. τινῶν Id.1.120
; παθεῖν τι π. τινός at the hand of, ib.73;π. ἀλλήλοιν θανεῖν E. Ph. 1269
, cf. S.OT 1237; π. τῆς τύχης ὄλωλεν ib. 949;τὸ ποιεύμενον π. τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων Hdt.7.209
;αἰτηθέντες π. τινὸς χρήματα Id.8.111
;ἱμέρου βέλει π. σοῦ τέθαλπται A.Pr. 650
: with an Adj. or Subst.,τιμήεσσα π. πόσιος Od.18.162
;ἐπίφθονος π. τῶν πλεόνων ἀνθρώπων Hdt.7.139
;ἔρημος π. φίλων S.Ant. 919
;ἀπαθὴς π. ἀστῶν Pi.P.4.297
;πειθὼ π. τινός S.El. 562
;π. Τρώων.. κλέος εἶναι Il.22.514
; ἄρκεσις π. ἀνδρός, δόξα π. ἀνθρώπων, S.OC73, E.Heracl. 624 (lyr.);ἐλίπετο ἀθάνατον μνήμην π. Ἑλλησποντίων Hdt.4.144
: with an Adv., οἶμαι γὰρ ἂν οὐκ ἀχαρίστως μοι ἔχειν οὔτε π. ὑμῶν οὔτε π. τῆς Ἑλλάδος I shall meet with no ingratitude at your hands, X.An.2.3.18, cf. Pl.R. 463d.2 of things, π. τίνος ποτ' αἰτίας [τέθνηκεν]; from of by what cause? S.OT 1236; π. ἀμπλακημάτων by or by reason of.., Id.Ant.51.III of dependence or close connexion: hence,1 dependent on one, under one's protection,π. Διός εἰσι ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε Od.6.207
,14.57; δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας π. Διὸς εἰρύαται by commission from him, Il.1.239; π. ἄλλης ἱστὸν ὑφαίνοις at the bidding of another, 6.456.2 on one's side, in one's favour, Hdt.1.75, 124, S.OT 1434, Tr. 479, etc.;π. τῶν ἐχόντων.. τὸν νόμον τίθης E.Alc. 57
.IV of that which is derivable from: hence, agreeable to, becoming, like,τὰ τοιαῦτα ἔργα οὐ π. τοῦ ἅπαντος ἀνδρὸς νενόμικα γίνεσθαι, ἀλλὰπ. ψυχῆς τε ἀγαθῆς καὶ ῥώμης ἀνδρηΐης Hdt.7.153
, cf.5.12; ἦ κάρτα π. γυναικὸς αἴρεσθαι κέαρ 'tis very like a woman, A.Ag. 592, cf. 1636;οὐ π. ἰατροῦ σοφοῦ θρηνεῖν ἐπῳδάς S.Aj. 581
, cf. Ar.V. 369, E.Hel. 950, etc.;π. σοῦ ἐστι Id.HF 585
, etc.;οὐκ ἦν π. τοῦ Κύρου τρόπου X.An. 1.2.11
, etc.: of qualities, etc.,π. δυσσεβείας A.Ch. 704
; π. δίκης οὐδὲν τρέμων agreeably to justice, S.OT 1014, cf.El. 1211;οὐ π. τῆς ὑμετέρας δόξης Th.3.59
; ἐάν τι ἡμῖν π. λόγου ᾖ if it be at all to our purpose, Pl.Grg. 459c;εἰ τόδε π. τρόπου λέγω
correctly,Id.
R. 470c; but π. τρόπου τι ὠνεῖσθαι buy at a reasonable price, Thphr.Char.30.12;τὰ γενήματα π. ἐλάσσονος τιμᾶς πωλῶν IG5(2).515.14
([place name] Lycosura); π. ἀγαθοῦ, π. κακοῦ τινί ἐστι or γίγνεται, it is to one's advantage or otherwise, Arist.Mu. 397a30, Arr.An.7.16.5, Hld.7.12; π. ἀτιμίας λαβεῖν τι to take a thing as an insult, regard it so, Plu.Cic.13;π. δέους λαβεῖν τι Id.Flam.7
; λαβεῖν τι π. ὀργῆς (v.l. ὀργήν) J.AJ8.1.3; μοι π. εὐκλείας γένοιτο ib. 18.7.7; τῷ δήμῳ π. αἰσχύνης ἂν ἦν, π. ὀνείδους ἂν ἦν τῇ πόλει, Lib.Decl.43.27,28.B WITH DAT., it expresses proximity, hard by, near, at,ποτὶ γαίῃ Od.8.190
, 11.423;ποτὶ γούνασι Il.5.408
; ποτὶ δρυσίν among the oaks, 14.398 (nisi leg. περί); πρὸς ἄκμονι χαλκεύειν Pi.P.1.86
; ποτὶ γραμμᾷ στᾶσαί τινα ib.9.118; ἄγκυραν ποτὶ ναΐ κρημνάντων ib.4.24;δῆσαί τινα πρὸς φάραγγι A.Pr.15
;νεὼς καμούσης ποντίῳ π. κύματι Id.Th. 210
;π. μέσῃ ἀγορᾷ S.Tr. 371
;π. Ἀργείων στρατῷ Id.Aj.95
;π. πέδῳ κεῖται Id.OT 180
(lyr.); θακεῖν π. ναοῖς ib.20, cf. A.Eu. 855;π. ἡλίου ναίουσι πηγαῖς Id.Pr. 808
;π. τῇ γῇ ναυμαχεῖν Th. 7.34
; ἐς μάχην καθίστασθαι π. (v.l. ὑπ')αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει Id.2.79
;τεῖχος π. τῇ θαλάσσῃ Id.3.105
;αἱ π. θαλάττῃ πόλεις X.HG4.8.1
; τὸ π. Αἰγίνῃ στράτευμα off Aegina, Th.1.105; Αίβυες οἱ π. Αἰγύπτῳ bordering on.., ib. 104; τὸ π. ποσί that which is close to the feet, before one, S.OT 130, etc.; θρηνεῖν ἐπῳδὰς π... πήματι over it, Id.Aj. 582; αἱ π. τῇ βάσει γωνίαι the angles at the base, Euc.1.5,al.;τὴν π. τῷ.. ιερῷ κρήνην IG22.338.13
, cf. SIG1040.15 (Piraeus, iv B. C.), al.2 before, in the presence of, π. τοῖς θεσμοθέταις, π. τῷ διαιτητῇ λέγειν, D. 20.98,39.22;ὅσα π. τοῖς κριταῖς γέγονεν Id.21.18
;π. διαιτητῇ φεύγειν Id.22.28
.3 with Verbs denoting motion towards a place, upon, against,ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ Il.1.245
, Od.2.80;με βάλῃ.. ποτὶ πέτρῃ 5.415
, cf. 7.279, 9.284; , cf. 5.401; λιαζόμενον ποτὶ γαίῃ sinking on the ground, Il.20.420;ἴσχοντες πρὸς ταῖς πόλεσι Th.7.35
.4 sts. with a notion of clinging closely, προτὶ οἷ λάβε clasped to him, Il.20.418;προτὶ οἷ εἷλε 21.507
;πρὸς ἀλλήλῃσιν ἔχονται Od.5.329
;προσπεπλασμένας.. π. ὄρεσι Hdt.3.111
; π. δμῳαῖσι κλίνομαι fall into the arms of.., S.Ant. 1189;π. τινί
close to,Men.
Epit. 204.II to express close engagement, at the point of,π. αὐτῷ γ' εἰμὶ τῷ δεινῷ λέγειν S.OT 1169
; engaged in or about,π. τῷ εἰρημένῳ λόγῳ ἦν Pl.Phd. 84c
, cf. Phdr. 249c, 249d;ἂν π. τῷ σκοπεῖν.. γένησθε D.18.176
;ἀεὶ π. ᾧ εἴη ἔργῳ, τοῦτο ἔπραττεν X. HG4.8.22
; διατρίβειν or σχολάζειν π. τινί, Epicr.11.3 (anap.), Arist. Pol. 1308b36 (butπ. ταῦτα ἐσχόλασα X.Mem.3.6.6
);ὅλος εἶναι π. τῷ λήμματι D.19.127
;π. τῇ ἀνάγκῃ ταύτῃ γίγνεσθαι Aeschin.1.74
; τὴν διάνοιαν, τὴν γνώμην ἔχειν π. τινί, Pl.R. 500b, Aeschin.3.192; κατατάξαι αὐτὸν π. γράμμασιν, i.e. give him a post as clerk, PCair.Zen. 342.3 (iii B. C.);ὁ π. τοῖς γράμμασι τεταγμένος Plb.15.27.7
, cf. 5.54.7, D.S.2.29,3.22;ἐπιμελητὴς π. τῇ εἰκασίᾳ τοῦ σησάμου PTeb.713.2
, cf.709.1 (ii B. C.).III to express union or addition, once in Hom., ἄασάν μ' ἕταροί τε κακοὶ π. τοῖσί τε ὕπνος and besides them sleep, Od.10.68;π. τοῖς παροῦσιν ἄλλα
in addition to,A.
Pr. 323, cf. Pers. 531, Xenoph.8.3. Emp.59.3;ἄλλους π. ἑαυτῷ Th.1.90
; π. ταῖς ἡμετέραις [τριήρεσι] Id.6.90;δέκα μῆνας π. ἄλλοις πέντε S.Tr.45
;τρίτος.. π. δέκ' ἄλλαισιν γοναῖς A.Pr. 774
; κυβερνήτης π. τῇ σκυτοτομίᾳ in addition to his trade of leather-cutter, Pl.R. 397e: freq. with neut. Adjs., π. τῷ νέῳ ἁπαλός besides his youth, Id.Smp. 195c, cf. Tht. 185e;π. τῷ βλαβερῷ καὶ ἀηδέστατον Id.Phdr. 240b
; π. τούτοισι besides this, Hdt.2.51, cf. A.Pers. 237 (troch.), etc.; rarely in sg.,π. τούτῳ Hdt.1.31
,41; π. τοῖς ἄλλοις besides all the rest, Th.2.61, etc.:—cf. the Advb. usage, infr. D.C WITH ACCUS., it expresses motion or direction towards an object:I of Place, towards, to, with Verbs of Motion,ἰέναι π. Ὄλυμπον Il.1.420
; ἰέναι π. δώματα, etc., Od.2.288, etc.;ἰέναι π. ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε Il.12.239
; φέρειν προτὶ ἄστυ, ἄγειν προτὶ Ἴλιον, etc., 13.538, 657, etc.; ἄγεσθαιπρὸς οἶκον, ἐρύεσθαι ποτὶ Ἴλιον, 9.147,18.174; ὠθεῖν, δίεσθαι προτὶ ἄστυ, 16.45, 15.681, etc.;ῥίπτασκε ποτὶ νέφεα Od.8.374
;βαλεῖν ποτὶ πέτρας 12.71
;κυλινδόμενα προτὶ χέρσον 9.147
; ἀπῆλθε πρὸς ἑαυτόν returned to his home, LXX Nu.24.25; κληθῆναι π. τὸ δεῖπνον (rarer than ἐπὶ δεῖπνον) Plu. Cat.Ma.3.2 with Verbs implying previous motion, upon, against, π. τεῖχος, π. κίονα ἐρείσας, Il.22.112, Od.8.66;ἅρματα.. ἔκλιναν π. ἐνώπια Il.8.435
;ἔγχος ἔστησε π. κίονα Od.1.127
;ποτὶ τοῖχον ἀρηρότες 2.342
;ποτὶ βωμὸν ἵζεσθαι 22.334
;πρὸς γοῦνα καθέζετό τινος 18.395
;π. ἄλλοτ' ἄλλον πημονὴ προσιζάνει A.Pr. 278
;τὰ πολλὰ πατρὸς π. τάφον κτερίσματα S.El. 931
; χῶρον π. αὐτὸν τόνδ' dub. in Id.Ph.23; later,ἔστη π. τὸν στῦλον LXX 4 Ki.23.3
;ὁ ὄχλος π. τὴν θάλασσαν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἦσαν Ev.Marc.4.1
; π. ὑμᾶς παραμενῶ with you, 1 Ep.Cor.16.6;ἐκήδευσαν τὸν.. πατέρα.. π. τοὺς λοιποὺς συγγενεῖς
beside,Supp.Epigr.
6.106 ([place name] Cotiaeum).b of addition, (Argos, v B. C.);ἵππον προσετίθει πρὸς τοὔνομα Ar.Nu.63
, cf. Hdt.6.125, X.HG1.5.6, Pl.Phlb. 33c, Arist.Rh. 1359b28; προσεδαπάνησε π. τὸ μερισθὲν αὐτῷ εἰς τὸ ἔλαιον ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων over and above the sum allotted to him, IG22.1227.9; προσετέθη π. τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ was gathered to his people, LXX Ge.49.33.3 with Verbs of seeing, looking, etc., towards,ἰδεῖν π. τινά Od.12.244
, al.; ὁρᾶν, ἀποβλέπειν π. τι or τινά, A.Supp. 725, Ar.Ach. 291, etc.;ἀνταυγεῖ π. Ὄλυμπον Emp.44
; στάντε ποτὶ πνοιήν so as to face it, Il.11.622 (similarly, πέτονται πρὸς τὸ πνεῦμα against the wind, Arist.HA 597a32); κλαίεσκε π. οὐρανόν cried to heaven, Il.8.364: freq. of points of the compass, π. ζόφον κεῖσθαι lie towards the West, Od.9.26;ναίειν π. ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε 13.240
;στάντα π. πρώτην ἕω S.OC 477
; so in Prose,π. ἠῶ τε καὶ ἡλίου ἀνατολάς Hdt. 1.201
, cf. 4.40;π. βορέην τε καὶ νότον Id.2.149
; alsoἀκτὴ π. Τυρσηνίην τετραμμένη τῆς Σικελίης Id.6.22
(v. supr. A. 1.2); π. ἥλιον facing the sun, and so, in the sunlight, Ar.V. 772; so π. λύχνον by lamplight, Id. Pax 692, Jul.Ep.4;π. τὸ λύχνον Hippon.22
Diehl, cf. Arist.Mete. 375a27;πὸτ τὸ πῦρ Ar.Ach. 751
;πρὸς τὸ πῦρ Pl.R. 372d
, cf. Arist.Pr. 870a21; π. φῶς in open day, S.El. 640; but, by torch-light, Plu.2.237a.4 in hostile sense, against,π. Τρῶας μάχεαι Il.17.471
;ἐστρατόωνθ'.. π. τείχεα Θήβης 4.378
; π. δαίμονα against his will, 17.98;βεβλήκει π. στῆθος 4.108
;γούνατ' ἐπήδα π. ῥόον ἀΐσσοντος 21.303
;χρὴ π. θεὸν οὐκ ἐρίζειν Pi.P.2.88
;π. τοὐμὸν σπέρμα χωρήσαντα S.Tr. 304
;ἐπιέναι π. τινάς Th.2.65
;ὅσα ἔπραξαν οἱ Ἕλληνες π. τε ἀλλήλους καὶ τὸν βάρβαρον Id.1.118
;ἀγωνίζεσθαι π. τινά Pl.R. 579c
;ἀντιτάττεσθαι π. πόλιν X.Cyr.3.1.18
: also in argument, in reply to,ταῦτα π. τὸν Πιττακὸν εἴρηται Pl.Prt. 345c
; and so in the titles of judicial speeches, πρός τινα in reply to, less strong than κατά τινος against or in accusation, D.20 tit., etc.;μήτε π. ἐμὲ μήτε κατ' ἐμοῦ δίκην εἶναι Is.11.34
.5 without any hostile sense,π. ἀλλήλους ἔπεα πτερόεντ' ἀγόρευον Il.3.155
,cf.5.274,11.403,17.200;π.ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι Od.17.584
; λέγειν, εἰπεῖν, φράζειν π. τινά, Hdt. 1.8,90, Ar.V. 335, Nu. 359;ἀπαγγεῖλαι π. τινάς A.Ch. 267
;μνησθῆναι π. τινά Lys.1.19
, etc.;ἀμείψασθαι π. τινά Hdt.8.60
codd.;ἀποκρίνεσθαι π. τινάς Ar.Ach. 632
, Th.5.42; ὤμοσε δὲ π. ἔμ' αὐτόν he swore to me, Od.14.331: π. sts. governs the reflex. pron.,διαλογίζεσθαι π. ὑμᾶς αὐτούς Is.7.45
; ἀναμνήσθητε, ἐνθυμήθητε π. ὑμᾶς αὐτούς, Isoc.6.52, 15.60;π. ἐμαυτὸν.. ἐλογιζόμην Pl.Ap. 21d
; μινύρεσθαι, ἄδειν π. ἑαυτόν, Ar.Ec. 880, 931;ἐπικωκύω.. αὐτὴ π. αὑτήν S.El. 285
.b π. σφέας ἔχειν δοκέουσι, i.e. they think they are pregnant, Hp.Nat.Puer. 30.6 of various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action, π... Διομήδεα τεύχε' ἄμειβεν changed arms with Diomedes, Il.6.235;ὅσα.. ξυμβόλαια.. ἦν τοῖς ἰδιώταις π. τοὺς ἰδιώτας ἢ ἰδιώτῃ π. τὸ κοινόν IG12.116.19
; σπονδάς, συνθήκας ποιεῖσθαι π. τινά, Th.4.15, Plb.1.17.6;ξυγχωρεῖν π. τινάς Th.2.59
;γίγνεται ὁμολογία π. τινάς Id.7.82
, cf. Hdt. 1.61;π. τινὰς ξυμμαχίαν ποιεῖς θαι Th.5.22
;π. ἀλλήλους ἡσυχίαν εἶχον καὶ π. τοὺς ἄλλους.. εἰρήνην ἦγον Isoc.7.51
;π. ἀλλήλους ἔχθραι τε καὶ στέργηθρα A.Pr. 491
; alsoσαίνειν ποτὶ πάντας Pi.P.2.82
, cf. O.4.6;παίζειν πρός τινας E.HF 952
, etc.;ἀφροδισιάζειν π. τινά X.Mem.1.3.14
;ἀγαθὸς γίγνεσθαι π. τινά Th.1.86
;εὐσεβὴς π. τινὰς πέλειν A.Supp. 340
; διαλέγεσθαι π. τινά converse with.., X.Mem.1.6.1, Aeschin.2.38,40, 3.219;κοινοῦσθαι π. τινάς Pl.Lg. 930c
;π. τοὺς οἰκέτας ἀνακοινοῦσθαι περὶ τῶν μεγίστων Thphr.Char.4.2
; διαλογίζεσθαι π. τινά balance accounts with.., D.52.3, cf. SIG241.127 (Delph., iv B. C.);ἃ ἔχει διελόμενος π. τὸν ἀδελφόν IG12(7).55.8
(Amorgos, iv/iii B. C.), cf. D. 47.34.b in phrases of the form ἡ π. τινὰ εὔνοια (ἔχθρα, etc.), π. sts. means towards, as ἡ π. αὑτοὺς φιλία the affection of their wives towards or for them, X.Cyr.3.1.39;ἡ π. ὑμᾶς ἔχθρα Id.HG3.5.10
;ἡ ἀπέχθεια ἡ π. τοὺς πλουσίους Arist.Pol. 1305a23
;τὴν π. τοὺς τετελευτηκότας εὔνοιαν ὑπάρχουσαν D.18.314
, cf. SIG352.13 (Ephesus, iv/iii B. C.), al.;φυσικαὶ τοκέων στοργαὶ π. τέκνα ποθεινά IG12(5).305.13
([place name] Paros): but sts. at the hands of, ἡ π. τὸ θεῖον εὐμένεια the favour of the gods, Th.5.105; φθόνος τοῖς ζῶσι π. τὸ ἀντίπαλον jealousy is incurred by the living at the hands of their rivals, Id.2.45; τὴν ἀπέχθειαν τὴν π. Θηβαίους.. τῇ πόλει γενέσθαι the hostility incurred by Athens at the hands of the Thebans, D.18.36, cf.6.3, 19.85; τῇ φιλίᾳ τῇ π. τὸν τετελευτηκότα the friendship with (not 'affection for') the deceased, Is.1.17, cf. Pl.Ap. 21c, 28a, Isoc.15.101,19.50, Lycurg.135, Din.1.19, etc.;τίνος ὄντος ἐμοὶ π. ὑμᾶς ἐγκλήματος; Lys.10.23
, cf. 16.10;τιμώμενος.. διὰ τὴν π. ὑμᾶς πίστιν Din.3.12
, cf. Lys.12.67, D.20.25; τῷ φόβῳ τῷ π. ὑμᾶς the fear inspired by you, Id.25.93; τῇ π. Ῥωμαίους εὐνοία his popularity with the Romans, Plb.23.7.5.7 of legal or other business transacted before a magistrate, witness, etc.,τάδε ὁ σύλλογος ἐβουλεύσατο.. π. μνήμονας SIG45.8
(Halic., v B. C.), cf. IG7.15.1 (Megara, ii B. C.); γράφεσθαι αὐτὸν κλοπῆς.. π. τοὺς ἐπιμελητάς ib.12.65.46; ἀτέλειαν εἶναι αὐτῷ καὶ δίκας π. τὸν πολέμαρχον ib.153.7; λόγον διδόντων τῶν.. χρημάτων.. π. τοὺς λογιστάς ib.91.27; before a jury,ἔστι δὲ τούτοις μὲν π. ὑμᾶς ἁγών, ὑμῖν δὲ π. ἅπασαν τὴν πόλιν Lys. 26.14
;ἀντιδικῆσαι τῷ παιδὶ.. π. ὑμᾶς Is.11.19
codd. (dub.); before a witness to whom an appeal for corroboration is made, Id.3.25; ([place name] Elis); φέρρεν αὐτὸν πὸ (τ) τὸν Δία in the eyes of Zeus, ib.415.7(ibid.); λαχεῖν πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα, γράφεσθαι π. τοὺς θεσμοθέτας, D.43.15, Lex ib.21.47, cf. Arist.Ath.56.6;τοῖς ἐμπόροις εἶναι τὰς δίκας π. τοὺς θεσμοθέτας D.33.1
; θέντων τὰ.. ποτήρια.. π. Πολύχαρμον having pawned the cups with P., IPE12.32A15 (Olbia, iii B. C.); alsoδιαβάλλειν τινὰ π. τοὺς πολλούς X. Mem. 1.2.31
, cf. D.7.33.II of Time, towards or near a certain time, at or about,ποτὶ ἕσπερα Od.17.191
;ποτὶἕσπερον Hes.Op. 552
;πρὸς ἑσπέραν Pl.R. 328a
;ἐπεὶ π. ἑσπέραν ἦν X.HG4.3.22
;π. ἡμέραν Id.An.4.5.21
;π. ὄρθρον Ar.Lys. 1089
; ποτ' ὄρθρον (nisi leg. πότορθρον) Theoc.5.126, Erinn. in PSI9.1090.48 + 8 (p.xii); ; π.ἀῶ ἐγρέσθαι, π. ἡμέραν ἐξεγρέσθαι, Theoc.18.55, Pl.Smp. 223c; π. γῆρας, π. τὸ γῆρας, in old age, E.Med. 592, Pl.Lg. 653a; π. εὐάνθεμον φυάν in the bloom of life, Pi.O.1.67; μέχρις ὅτου π. γυναῖκας ὦσι, i.e.of marriageable age, IG22.1368.41: later, π.τὸ παρόν for the moment, Luc.Ep. Sat.28, etc.; v. infr. 111.5.III of Relation between two objects,1 in reference to, in respect of, touching, τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον military matters, equipments, etc., Th.2.17, etc.; τὰ π. τὸν βασιλέα our relations to the King, D.14.2; τὰ π. βασιλέα πράγματα the negotiations with the King, Th.1.128; τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς our relations, i.e. duties, to the gods, S.Ph. 1441;μέτεστι π. τὰ ἴδια διάφορα πᾶσι τὸ ἴσον.. ἐλευθέρως δὲ τὰ π. τὸ κοινὸν πολιτεύομεν Th.2.37
;οὐδὲν διοίσει π. τὸ γενέσθαι..
in respect of..,Arist.
APr. 24a25, cf. Pl.Phd. 111b; ἕτερος λόγος, οὐ π. ἐμέ that is another matter, and does not concern me, D.18.44, cf. 21,60, Isoc.4.12; τῶν φορέτρων ὄντων π. ἐμέ freightage shall be my concern, i.e. borne by me, PAmh.91.18 (ii A. D.);π. τοῦτον ἦν ἡ τῶν διαφόρων πρᾶξις LXX 2 Ma.4.28
; ἐὰν.. βοᾷ καὶ σχετλιάζῃ μηδὲν π. τὸ πρᾶγμα, nihil ad rem, D.40.61; οὐδὲν π. τὸν Διόνυσον Prov. ap.Plb.39.2.3, Suid.; οὐδὲν αὐτῷ π. τὴν πόλιν ἐστίν he owes no reckoning to the State, D.21.44;λόγος ἐστὶν ἐμοὶ π. Ἀθηναίους Philonid. 1
D.;π. Ἰάσονά ἐστιν αὐτῷ περὶ τῆς τιμῆς PHamb.27.8
(iii B. C.), cf. PCair.Zen.150.18 (iii B. C.); ἔσται αὐτῷ π. τὸν Θεόν (sc. ὁ λόγος ) he shall have to reckon with God, Supp.Epigr.6.188, cf. 194, al. ([place name] Eumenia); without αὐτῷ, ib.236 ([place name] Phrygia);ἔσται π. τὴν Τριάδαν MAMA1.168
, cf. Supp.Epigr.6.302 (Laodicea Combusta); ἕξει π. τὸν Θεόν ib.300, al. (ibid.); ἕξει π. τὴν ἐωνίαν κρίσιν ib.4.733 ([place name] Eukhaita), cf. 6.841 ([place name] Cyprus);π. πολλοὺς ἔχων ἀγωνιστάς Suid.
s.v. ὅσα μῦς ἐν πίσσῃ, cf. 2 Ep.Cor.5.12: with Advbs.,ἀσφαλῶς ἔχειν π. τι X.Mem.1.3.14
, etc.; [τὸ or τὰ] πρός τι, the relative term or terms, Arist.Cat. 1b25, 6a36, al.; τὸ π. τι, Pythag. name for two, Theol.Ar.8; π. ἡμᾶς relatively to us, opp. ἁπλῶς, Arist.APo. 72a1; ὀρθὸς πρός or ποτί c. acc., perpendicular to, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.3, Spir.20; ἁ Δζ ποτὶ τὰν ΑΔ ἀμβλεῖαν ποιεῖ γωνίαν ib.16.2 in reference to, in consequence of,πρὸς τοῦτο τὸ κήρυγμα Hdt.3.52
, cf. 4.161;π. τὴν φήμην
in view of..,Id.
3.153, cf. Th.8.39;χαλεπαίνειν π. τι Id.2.59
;ἀθύμως ἔχειν π. τι X.HG4.5.4
, etc.: with neut. Pron.,π. τί;
wherefore? to what end?S.
OT 766, 1027, etc.; π. οὐδέν for nothing, in vain, Id.Aj. 1018; π. οὐδὲν ἀναγκαῖον unnecessarily, Sch.Il.9.23;π. ταῦτα
therefore, this being so,Hdt.
5.9,40, A.Pr. 915, 992, S.OT 426, etc.; cf. οὗτος c. v111.1b.3 in reference to or for a purpose,ἕστηκεν.. μῆλα π. σφαγάς A.Ag. 1057
; χρήσιμος, ἱκανὸς π. τι, Pl.Grg. 474d, Prt. 322b;ὡς π. τί χρείας; S.OT 1174
, cf. OC71, Tr. 1182;ἕτοιμος π. τι X.Mem.4.5.12
;ἱκανῶς ὡς π. τὴν παροῦσαν χρείαν Arist. Cael. 269b21
;ἢν ἀρήγειν φαίνηται π. τὴν σύμπασαν νοῦσον Hp.Acut. 60
; ποιεῖ π. ἐπιλημπτικούς is efficacious for cases of epilepsy, Dsc.1.6;ἐθέλοντες τὰ π. τὴν νοῦσον ἡδέα μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ π. τὴν ὑγιείην προσδέχεσθαι Hp. de Arte7
.b with a view to or for a future time,ὅπως.. γράμματα δῷ π. ἢν ἂν ἡμέραν ἑκάτεροι παραγίνωνται SIG679.62
(Senatus consultum, ii B. C.);θαυμάζεται τὰ Περικλέους ἔργα π. πολὺν χρόνον ἐν ὀλίγῳ γενόμενα Plu.Per.13
.c = πρός B. 11,ἐγίνετο π. ἀναζογήν Plb.3.92.8
;ὄντων π. τὸ κωλύειν Id.1.26.3
, cf. 1.29.3, al., Plu.Nic.5.4 in proportion or relation to, in comparison with,κοῖός τις δοκέοι ἀνὴρ εἶναι π. τὸν πατέρα Κῦρον Hdt.3.34
;ἔργα λόγου μέζω π. πᾶσαν χώρην Id.2.35
;π. πάντας τοὺς ἄλλους Id.3.94
, 8.44;πολλὴν ἂν οἶμαι ἀπιστίαν τῆς δυνάμεως.. π. τὸ κλέος αὐτῶν εἶναι Th.1.10
, cf. Pi.O.2.88, Pl. Prt. 327d, 328c, Phd. 102c, etc.; π. τὰς μεγίστας καὶ ἐλαχίστας ναῦς τὸ μέσον σκοπεῖν the mean between.., Th.1.10;τὸ κάλλιστον τῶν ἔργων π. τὸ αἴσχιστον συμβαλεῖν Lycurg.68
;ἓν π. ἓν συμβάλλειν Hdt.4.50
; alsoἔχεις π. τὰ ἔτη μέλαιναν τὴν τρίχα Thphr. Char.2.3
;ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ π. τὴν ἐξουσίαν Th.4.39
: also of mathematical ratio, οἷος ὁ πρῶτος (sc. ὅρος)ποτὶ τὸν δεύτερον, καὶ ὁ δεύτερος ποτὶ τὸν τρίτον Archyt.2
, cf. Philol.11, Pl.Ti. 36b, Arist.Rh. 1409a4, al., Euc. 5 Def.4, etc.; πρὸς παρεὸν.. μῆτις ἀέξεται ἀνθρώποισι in proportion to the existing (physical development), Emp.106: also of price, value, πωλεῖσθαι δὶς π. ἀργύριον sells twice against or relatively to silver, i.e. for twice its weight in silver, Thphr.HP9.6.4;πωλεῖται ὁ σταθμὸς αὐτοῦ π. διπλοῦν ἀργύριον Dsc.1.19
; [ἡ μαργαρῖτις λίθος] πωλεῖται.. π. χρυσίον for its weight in gold, Androsthenes ap.Ath.3.93b: metaph.,π. ἀρετήν Pl.Phd. 69a
; ὅπως π. τὰς τιμὰς τῶν κριθῶν τὰ ἄλφιτα πωλήσουσι on the basis of the price of barley, Arist.Ath.51.3; ἐξέστω αὐτοῦ ἀπογραφὴ τῆς οὐσίας π. τοῦτο τὸ ἀργύριον Ἀθηναίων τῷ βουλομένῳ property equal in value to this silver, IG22.1013.14, cf. PHib. 1.32.9 (iii B. C.), IG5(1).1390.78 (Andania, i B. C.);τῶν ἐγγύων τῶν ἐγγυωμένων π. [αὐτὰ] τὰ κτήματα SIG364.42
(Ephesus, iii B. C.);θέντων τὰ ποτήρια π. χρυσοῦς ἑκατόν IPE12.32A16
(Olbia, iii B. C.); τοὺς ἀπαγομένους εἰς φυλακὴν π. τὰ χρέα imprisoned for debt, Plb. 38.11.10, cf. 1.72.5, 5.27.4,5,7,5.108.1, PTeb.707.9 (ii B. C.);τοὺς π. καταδίκας ἐκπεπτωκότας Plb.25.3.1
, cf. SIG742.31 (Ephesus, i B. C.);ἐγδίδομεν τὸ ἔργον.. π. χαλκόν IG7.3073.6
(Lebad., ii B. C.), cf. PSI5.356.7 (iii B. C.), PTeb. 825 (a).16 (ii B. C.), Sammelb.5106.3 (ii B. C.);οἷον π. ἀργύριον τὴν δόξαν τὰς ψυχὰς ἀποδιδόμενοι Jul. Or.1.42b
; π. ἅλας ἠγορασμένος, i.e. 'dirt cheap', Men.828 (also π. ἅλα δειπνεῖν καὶ κύαμον, i.e. dine frugally, take pot-luck, Plu.2.684f); soἡδονὰς π. ἡδονὰς.. καταλλάττεσθαι Pl.Phd. 69a
; of measurements of time by the flow from the clepsydra,π. ἕνδεκα ἀμφορέας ἐν διαμεμετρημένῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κρίνομαι Aeschin.2.126
, cf. Arist.Ath.67.2,3,69.2;λεγέσθω τᾶς δίκας ὁ μὲν πρᾶτος λόγος ἑκατέροις ποτὶ χόας δεκαοκτώ SIG953.17
(Calymna, ii B. C.); λεξάντων πρὸς τὴν τήρησιν τοῦ ὕδατος ib.683.60 (Olympia, ii B. C.); π. κλεψύδραν Eub.p.182 K., Epin. 2;π. κλεψύδρας Arist.Po. 1451a8
;π. ὀλίγον ὕδωρ ἀναγκαζόμενος λέγειν D.41.30
; hence later, π. ὀλίγον for a short time,ἐπανεῖναι π. ὀλίγον τὴν πολιορκίαν J.BJ5.9.1
, cf. Alex.Aphr. in Top.560.2, Hld.2.19, POxy67.14 (iv A.D.), Orib.Fr.116, Gp.4.15.8; π.ὀλίγον καιρόν, χρόνον, Antyll. ap. Orib.9.24.26, Paul.Aeg.Prooem.; π. ὀλίγον ἐστὶ τὸ ζῆν Poet. in Mus.Script.p.452 von Jan;μήτηρ δ' ἦν π. μικρόν Sammelb. 7288.4
([place name] Ptolemaic);π. βραχύ Jul.Or.1.47b
(but π. βραχὺ παρηβηκυίας (by) a little past their best, Gp.4.15.3);π. βραχὺν καιρόν Iamb. Protr. 21
.κα'; π. τὸ ἀκαρές Porph.Gaur.3.3
;π. μίαν ἢ δευτέραν ἡμέραν Dsc. 2.101
, cf. Sor.1.56;π. δύο ἡμέρας ἐκοίμησα ἐκεῖ BGU775.8
(ii A. D.);π.μόνην τὴν ἐνεστῶσαν ἡμέραν Sammelb. 7399
(ii A.D.), cf. M.Ant.12.4;προστιμάσθω π. χρόνον μὴ εἰσελθεῖν ὅσον ἂν δόξῃ IG22.1368.89
.5 in or by reference to, according to, in view of,π. τὸ παρεὸν βουλεύεσθαι Hdt. 1.20
, cf. 113, Th.6.46,47, IG22.1.20, etc.;π. τὴν παροῦσαν ἀρρωστίαν Th.7.47
;ἵνα π. τὸν ὑπάρχοντα καιρὸν ἕκαστα θεωρῆτε D.18.17
, cf. 314, etc.;εἴ τι δεῖ τεκμαίρεσθαι π. τὸν ἄλλον τρόπον Id.27.22
; τοῖς π. ὑμᾶς ζῶσι those who live with your interests in view, Id.19.226;ἐλευθέρου τὸ μὴ π. ἄλλον ζῆν Arist.Rh. 1367a32
;π. τοῦτον πάντ' ἐσκόπουν, π. τοῦτον ἐποιοῦντο τὴν εἰρήνην D.19.63
; τὸ παιδεύεσθαι π. τὰς πολιτείας suitably to them, Arist.Pol. 1310a14; ὁρῶ.. ἅπαντας π. τὴν παροῦσαν δύναμιν τῶν δικαίων ἀξιουμένους according to their power, D.15.28;π. τὰς τύχας γὰρ τὰς φρένας κεκτήμεθα
according to..,E.
Hipp. 701; πὸς τὰς συνθέσις in accordance with the agreements, IG5(2).343.41,60 (Orchom. Arc.); τὸν δικαστὰν ὀμνύντα κρῖναι πορτὶ τὰ μωλιόμενα having regard to the pleadings, Leg.Gort.5.44, cf. 9.30; αἱ ἀρχαὶ.. πρὸς τὰ κατεσκευασμένα σύμβολα σηκώματα ποιησάμεναι after making weights and measures in accordance with, or by reference to, the established standards, IG22.1013.7; π. τὰ στάθμια τὰ ἐν τῷ ἀργυροκοπίῳ as measured by the weights in the mint, ib. 30, cf. PAmh.43.10 (ii B. C.); [Εόλων] ἐποίησε σταθμὰ π. τὸ νόμισμα made (trade-) weights on the basis of (i.e. proportional to) the coinage, Arist.Ath.10.2;ὀρθὸν π. τὸν διαβήτην IG22.1668.9
, cf. 95,7.3073.108 (Lebad., ii B. C.); π. τὸ δικαιότατον in accordance with the most just principle, D.C.Fr.104.6.6 with the accompaniment of musical instruments,π. κάλαμον Pi.O.10(11).84
; π. αὐλόν or τὸν αὐλόν, E.Alc. 346, X.Smp.6.3, etc.;π. λύραν.. ᾄδειν SIG662.13
(Delos, ii B. C.); π. ῥυθμὸν ἐμβαίνειν to step in time, D.S.5.34.7 [full] πρός c.acc. freq. periphr. for Adv., π. βίαν, = βιαίως, under compulsion,νῦν χρὴ.. τινα π. βίαν πώνην Alc.20
(s.v.l.);π. βίαν ἐπίνομεν Ar.Ach.73
;τὸ π. βίαν πίνειν ἴσον πέφυκε τῷ διψῆν κακόν S.Fr. 735
; ἥκω.. π. βίαν under compulsion, Critias 16.10 D.; by force, forcibly, A.Pr. 210, 355, etc.; οὐ π. βίαν τινός not forced by any one, Id.Eu.5 (but also, in spite of any one, S.OC 657);π. τὸ βίαιον A.Ag. 130
(lyr.);π. τὸ καρτερόν Id.Pr. 214
; π. ἀλκήν, π. ἀνάγκαν, Id.Th. 498, Pers. 569 (lyr.);οὐ διαχωρέεει [ἡ γαστὴρ] εἰ μὴ π. ἀνάγκην Hp. Prog.8
,19;π. ἰσχύος κράτος S.Ph. 594
;π. ἡδονὴν εἶναί τινι A.Pr. 494
; π. ἡδονὴν λέγειν, δημηγορεῖν, so as to please, Th.2.65, S.El. 921, D.4.38, cf. E.Med. 773;οἱ πάντα π. ἡδονὴν ἐπαινοῦντες Arist.EN 1126b13
;ἅπαντα π. ἡδ. ζητεῖν D.1.15
, cf. 18.4; λούσασθαι τὸ σῶμα π. ἡδ. as much or little as one like s, Hp.Mul.2.133;πίνειν π. ἡδ. Pl. Smp. 176e
; π. τὸ τερπνόν calculated to delight, Th.2.53; π. χάριν so as to gratify,μήτε π. ἔχθραν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον μήτε π. χ. D.8.1
, cf. S.OT 1152;π. χάριν δημηγορεῖν D.3.3
, etc.: c. gen. rei, π. χάριν τινός for the sake of,π. χ. βορᾶς S.Ant.30
, cf. Ph. 1156 (lyr.);π. ἰσχύος χ.
by means of,E.
Med. 538; π. ὀργήν with anger, angrily, S.El. 369, Th.2.65, D.53.16 (v.l.);π. ὀργὴν ἐλθεῖν τινι Id.39.23
, etc.; π. τὸ λιπαρές importunately, S.OC 1119;π. εὐσέβειαν Id.El. 464
; π. καιρόν seasonably, Id.Aj.38, etc.;π. φύσιν Id.Tr. 308
; π. εὐτέλειαν cheaply, Antiph.226.2; π. μέρος in due proportion, D.36.32;π. ὀλίγον μέρος Gp.2.15.1
; τέτραπτο π. ἰθύ οἱ straight towards him, Il.14.403; π. ὀρθὰς (sc. γωνίας ( .. τῇ AEB at right angles to, Arist.Mete. 373a14, cf. Euc.1.11, Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.3;π. ὀρθὴν τέμνουσα Arist.Mete. 363b2
; π. ἀχθηδόνα, π. ἀπέχθειαν, Luc.Tox.9, Hist.Conscr.38; γυνὴ π. ἀλήθειαν οὖσα in truth a woman, a very woman, Ath.15.687a, cf. Luc. JTr.48, Alex.61: c. [comp] Sup., π. τὰ μέγιστα in the highest degree, Hdt.8.20.8 of Numbers. up to, about, Plb.16.7.5, etc.: cf. πρόσπου.D ABS. AS ADV., besides, over and above; in Hom. always π. δέ or ποτὶ δέ, Il.5.307, 10.108, al., cf. Hdt.1.71, etc.; π. δὲ καί ib. 164, 207;π. δὲ ἔτι Id.3.74
;καὶ π. Id.7.154
, 184, prob. in A.Ch. 301, etc.;καὶ π. γε E.Hel. 110
, Pl.R. 328a, 466e;καὶ.. γε π. A.Pr.73
;καὶ δὴ π. Hdt.5.67
; freq. at the end of a second clause,τάδε λέγω, δράσω τε π. E.Or. 622
;ἀλογία.., καὶ ἀμαθία γε π. Pl.Men. 90e
, cf. E.Ph. 610;ἐνενήκοντα καὶ μικρόν τι π. D.4.28
, cf. 22.60.E IN COMPOS.,I motion towards, as προσάγω, προσέρχομαι, etc.II addition, besides, as προσκτάομαι, προσδίδωμι, προστίθημι, etc.III a being on, at, by, or beside: hence, a remaining beside, and metaph. connexion and engagement with anything, as πρόσειμι, προσγίγνομαι, etc.F REMARKS,1 in poetry πρός sts. stands after its case and before an attribute,ποίμνας βουστάσεις τε π. πατρός A.Pr. 653
, cf. Th. 185, S.OT 178 (lyr.), E.Or.94; ἄστυ πότι (or ποτὶ)σφέτερον Il.17.419
, cf. Pi.O.4.5.2 in Hom. it is freq. separated from its Verb by tmesis. -
9 begünstigen
be·güns·ti·gen * [bəʼgʏnstɪgn̩]vt1) ( förderlich sein)etw \begünstigen to favour [or (Am) -or] sth;von etw begünstigt werden to be helped [or furthered] by sth;den Export \begünstigen to increase [or boost] exports;die Konjunktur \begünstigen to improve [or boost] the economy;2) ( bevorzugen)jdn [bei etw/vor jdm] \begünstigen to favour [or (Am) -or] sb [with sth/over [or more than] sb]3) ( bedenken)jdn [mit etw] \begünstigen to benefit sb [with sth];durch ein Testament begünstigt sein to benefit [or be a beneficiary] under a will;jdn mit einer Schenkung [von 1.000 Euro] \begünstigen to bestow sb with a gift [of 1,000 euros]4) jureinen Täter \begünstigen to aid [and abet] a perpetrator [after the fact]
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-dac·ty·ly; — ab·i·e·tate; ab·i·e·tene; abio·gen·e·sis; abi·og·e·nist; abra·si·om·e·ter; ab·sorp·ti·om·e·ter; aca·cat·e·chin; ac·ac·e·tin; acad·e·mist; acad·e·my; ac·cel·er·om·e·ter; ac·e·tab·u·lar; ac·e·tab·u·lar·ia; ac·e·tab·u·late; ac·e·tab·u·lif·era;… … English syllables
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